Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the former secretary general of the UN, has died aged 93.
His death was confirmed by Rafael Dario Ramirez Carreno, the president of the UN Security Council.
As an Egyptian, Mr Boutros-Ghali was the first Arab to hold the UN's top position.
He
took office in 1992 at a time of increasing influence for the world
body following its decisive role in the Gulf War, serving one five-year
term.
The 15-member Security Council observed a minute's silence.
Boutros Boutros-Ghali (
November 1922 – 16 February 2016) was an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the
sixth Secretary-General of the
United Nations
(UN) from January 1992 to December 1996. An academic and former Vice
Foreign Minister of Egypt, Boutros Boutros-Ghali oversaw the UN at a
time when it dealt with several world crises, including the
break-up of Yugoslavia and the
Rwandan Genocide.
He was then the
first Secretary-General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie from November 1997 to December 2002.
Elected in 1991 as Secretary-General, the top post of the UN,
Boutros-Ghali's term in office remains controversial. In 1992, he
submitted
An Agenda for Peace,
a suggestion for how the UN could respond to violent conflict.
However,
he was criticised for the UN's failure to act during the 1994
Rwandan Genocide,
which officially left over one million people dead, and he appeared
unable to muster support in the UN for intervention in the continuing
Angolan Civil War. One of the hardest tasks during his term was dealing with the crisis of the
Yugoslav Wars after the disintegration of the former
Yugoslavia.
His reputation became entangled in the larger controversies over the
effectiveness of the UN and the role of the United States in the UN.
Some Somalis believed he was responsible for an escalation of the
Somalia crisis by undertaking a personal vendetta against
Mohamed Farrah Aidid and his Habr Gidr clan, favouring their rivals, the Darod, clan of the former dictator
Mohamed Siad Barre.
It was believed that he demanded the 12 July 1993 US helicopter attack
on a meeting of Habr Gidr clan leaders, who were meeting to discuss a
peace initiative put forward by the leader of the UN Mission in
Mogadishu, retired US Admiral
Jonathan Howe.
It is generally believed that the majority of the clan elders were
eager to arrange a peace and to rein in the provocative activities of
their clan leader, Mohamed Farrah Aidid but, after this attack on a
peaceful meeting, the clan was resolved on fighting the Americans and
the UN, leading to the
Battle of Mogadishu on 3–4 October 1993.
In 1996, ten
Security Council members, led by African members Egypt,
Guinea-Bissau and
Botswana,
sponsored a resolution backing Boutros-Ghali for a second five-year
term, until the year 2001. However, the United States vetoed a second
term for him.
In addition to the United States, the United Kingdom,
South Korea, and Italy did not sponsor the resolution, but the last
three nations voted in support of Boutros-Ghali after the United States
had firmly declared its intention to veto.
Although not the first vetoed
candidate (China vetoed the third term of
Kurt Waldheim in 1981 in order to nominate a secretary general from the
Third World), Boutros-Ghali was the only UN Secretary-General not to be elected to a second term in office. He was succeeded at the UN by
Kofi Annan.